Consulting to individuals, companies, trusts and close corporations regarding:

Income Tax: Income tax is a levy imposed by the government on an individual's or entity's earnings, including wages, profits from business activities, and other sources of income. It's calculated based on applicable tax rates set by the government, with various deductions, credits, and exemptions considered to determine the final tax liability. Individuals and businesses are required to file tax returns annually, reporting their income and paying the taxes owed to the government based on the tax laws in their jurisdiction.

Value Added Tax: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a consumption tax levied on the value added at each stage of the production and distribution chain. It's borne by the end consumer and collected by businesses on behalf of the government, calculated as the difference between the VAT on sales and the VAT on purchases. VAT is a common indirect tax used in many countries worldwide to generate revenue for the government.

Capital Gains Tax: Capital gains tax is a levy imposed on the profit earned from the sale of capital assets, such as stocks, real estate, or investments, at a higher value than their purchase price. The tax is calculated on the difference between the selling price and the original cost, with different rates often applied to short-term and long-term capital gains, potentially influencing an individual's or entity's tax liability.